By looking to nature’s time-tested and sustainable approach to life, we can design and build extraordinary solutions for the engineering and technology world, otherwise known as biomimetics, or biomimicry. Minimum vertical reinforcement is provided based on the bar used.Ĭolumns are designed for compression and bending.Whenever we humans are stuck for ideas on how to make things better, there’s a guarantee that nature already has it figured out. The hopper bottom is designed for both direct and hoop tension due to normal pressure on the sloping slabs. The reinforcement details are provided to resist the hoop tension for this a minimum thickness of 120mm is recommended. P h = horizontal component of pressure at a depth h from the top The value of hoop tension is given by the formula Design consideration of Bunkers with Circular Bottomįor design of bunkers with circular cross section, vertical walls are subjected to a hoop tension along the diameter of the bunker. Maximum Negative Bending Moment at Supports Hence total normal pressure intensity is given by, Its normal component with respect to plane of slab is given by, Then, Normal pressure intensity for depth h isī) Due to self-weight of slab Let W dbe the self-weight of slab L = Effective span at the center of the slope, as shown in figure-5 H= average height at the center of the slope of bottom To determine the maximum moments at the supports and the center of the sloping slab, we need to determine the normal pressure intensity which is the sum of normal pressure due to material weight and the self-weight of the slab Where, is the angle between the horizontal and the sloping slab. 4: Sloping slab in the hopper subjected to direct tensionįig.5: Sloping Slab in Hopper Bottom Subjected to bending Step 2: Design of Hopper Bottom The hopper bottom is designed for direct tension caused due to:įig. Minimum cross section of 300mm x 300mm edge beams are provided at the top, to facilitate attachments used by conveyor supports. Minimum distribution reinforcement is provided in the vertical direction. The reinforcement obtained from above equation ( A st), is arranged in the horizontal direction. The reinforcement details are provided for the vertical walls based on the maximum bending moments and the direct tension design values. To resist maximum bending moment adequate thickness should be provided. The effective depth is given by the formula Let it be p as shown in figure-3.ī) Positive Bending Moment at the center of longer sides (AB or CD)Ĭ) Positive Bending Moment at the center of shorter sides (BC or AD) So, the pressure that is applied on the vertical walls are the horizontal component of p a. This pressure p a is acting in the direction parallel to angle of surcharge. W = density of the material stored in the bunkerįig.3: Representation of angle of surcharge (?) and pressure component acting on walls (p). Where, P a = Lateral pressure intensity that is acting at a height of 'h'.Ī = Angle of surcharge (The material slope as shown in figure-3) The design Procedure can be explained in following steps:īased on Rankine's Theory, the lateral pressure applied on the vertical wall can be given by the formula The main structural elements that constitutes a bunker are shown in figure-2. Design of Bunkers with Rectangular or Square Bottom Design consideration of Bunkers with Circular Bottomĭesign Consideration of Bunkers 1. The theory used in determination of lateral pressure in bunkers is Rankine 's Theory. The bunker floor takes up the total load of the material. The lateral pressure form the material is resisted by the side walls. The angle is called as the angle of repose. The angle of rupture is formed at from the horizontal as shown above. Bunkers may be circular or rectangular (or square) in plan. The angle of rupture of the material in case of bunkers, will meet the horizontal surface at the top of the bin, before it touches the opposite side walls of the structure as shown in the figure-1. These are characterized as shallow structures. The main two characteristics that make a bin to act as a bunker is based on the These are mainly related to emergency conditions during wars. They both serve the purpose of bins.Ĭoncept and difference between bunkers and silos are explained in the following sections:īunkers are mainly employed for storage of underground dwellings. They are used to store materials like grain, cereals, coal cement etc. Concrete bins possess less maintenance and other architectural qualities greater than steel storage tanks. The bunkers and silos made of reinforced concrete have almost replaced the steel storage structures. Structural design of bunkers with procedure and design considerations are discussed. □ Reading time: 1 minuteBunkers and silos are structure that are used as storage tanks.
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